Nannie Doss

Nannie Doss From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Nannie Doss| Background information| Birth name| Nancy Hazle| Also known as| The Giggling Nanny, The Giggling Granny, The Jolly Black Widow, The Lonely Hearts Killer| Born| (1905-11-04)November 4, 1905 Blue Mountain, Alabama, United States| Died| June 2, 1965(1965-06-02) (aged 59)| Cause of death| Leukemia| Penalty| Life imprisonment| Killings| Number of victims| 11| Country| United States| State(s)| Alabama, North Carolina, Kansas, Oklahoma|Date apprehended| October, 1954| Nannie Doss (November 4, 1905[1] – June 2, 1965[2]) was a serial killer responsible for the deaths of 11 people between the 1920s and 1954. [3] She finally confessed to the murders in October 1954, after her fifth husband died in a small hospital in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In all, it was revealed that she had killed 4 husbands, 2 children, her two sisters, her mother, a grandson, and a nephew. Contents[hide] * 1 Early life * 2 First marr iage * 3 Second marriage * 3. 1 Grandchildren * 3. Death of Frank * 4 Third marriage * 5 Fourth marriage * 6 Fifth marriage * 7 Confession and conviction * 8 References * 9 External links| [edit] Early life Doss was born in Blue Mountain, Alabama as Nancy Hazle to Lou and James Hazle. Nannie was one of five children; she had one brother and three sisters. Both Nannie and her mother hated James, who was a controlling father and husband with a nasty streak. There is evidence that Doss was conceived illegitimately, as James and Lou married after 1905; census records also show that in 1905 she and her mother were living on their own. [4] She had an unhappy childhood.She was a poor student who never learned to read well; her education was erratic because her father forced his children to work on the family farm instead of attending school. When she was around 7 years old, the family was taking a train to visit relatives in southern Alabama; when the train stopped suddenly, Nannie hit her head on the metal bar on the seat in front of her. For years after, she suffered severe headaches, blackouts and depression; she blamed these and her mental instability on that accident. During childhood, her favorite hobby was reading her mother's romance magazines and dreaming of her own romantic future.Later, her favorite part was the lonely hearts column. The Hazle sisters' teenage years were restricted by their father; he forbade them to wear makeup and attractive clothing. He was trying to prevent them from being molested by men, but that happened on several occasions. He also forbade them to go to dances and other social events. [edit] First marriage Doss was first married at age 16, to Charley Braggs. They had met at the Linen Thread factory where they both worked, and with her father's approval they married after 4 months of dating.He was the only son of a never-married mother, who insisted on continuing to live with her son after he married. Doss later wrote I married, as my father wished, in 1921 to a boy I only knowed about four or five months who had no family, only a mother who was unwed and who had taken over my life completely when we were married. She never seen anything wrong with what he done, but she would take spells. She would not let my own mother stay all night†¦ Braggs' mother took up a lot of his attention, and she often limited Nannie's activities. The marriage produced 4 daughters from 1923 to 1927.The stressed-out young mother started drinking, and her casual smoking habit became a heavy addiction. Both unhappy partners suspected each other–correctly–of infidelity, and Braggs often disappeared for days on end. In early 1927, they lost their 2 middle girls to suspected food poisoning; suspecting that Nannie had killed them, Braggs took firstborn daughter Melvina and fled, leaving newborn Florine behind. Soon after, Braggs' mother died and Nannie took a job in a cotton mill to support Florine and herself. Braggs b rought Melvina back in the summer of 1928; with them was a divorcee with her own child.Braggs and Nannie soon divorced and Nannie took her 2 girls back to her mother's home. He always maintained he left her because he was frightened of her. [edit] Second marriage Living and working in Anniston, Nannie soothed her loneliness by reading True Romance and similar reading material. She also resumed poring over the lonely hearts column, and wrote to men advertising there. A particular advert that interested her was that of Robert (Frank) Harrelson, a 23-year-old factory worker from Jacksonville. He sent her romantic poetry, and she sent him a cake.They met and married in 1929, when she was 24, 2 years after her divorce from Braggs. They lived together in Jacksonville, with Melvina and Florine Braggs. After a few months, she discovered that he was an alcoholic and had a criminal record for assault. Despite this, the marriage lasted 16 years. [edit] Grandchildren Nannie's eldest, Melvina, g ave birth to Robert Lee Haynes in 1943. Another baby followed 2 years later, but this died soon afterward. Exhausted from labor and groggy from ether, Melvina thought she saw her mother, who had come to help, stick a hatpin into the baby's head.When she asked her husband and sister for clarification, they said Nannie had told them the baby was dead–and they noticed that she was holding a pin. The doctors, however, couldn't give a positive explanation. The grieving parents drifted apart and Melvina started dating a soldier. Nannie disapproved of him, and while Melvina was visiting her father after a particularly nasty fight with her mom, her son Robert died mysteriously under Granny's care on July 7, 1945. The death was diagnosed as asphyxia from unknown causes, and 2 months later Nannie collected the $500 life insurance she had taken out on Robert. [edit] Death of FrankIn 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allied powers at the end of World War II, and Harrelson was among the most robust partiers. After an evening of particularly heavy drinking, he raped Nannie. The following day, as she was tending her rose garden, she discovered Harrelson's corn whiskey jar buried in the ground. The rape had been the last straw for her, so she took the jar and topped it off with rat poison. Harrelson died a painful death that evening. [edit] Third marriage Doss met her third husband, Arlie Lanning, through another lonely-hearts column while travelling in Lexington, North Carolina, and married him 3 days later.Like his predecessor, Harrelson, Lanning was an alcoholic womanizer. However, in this marriage it was Nannie who often disappeared–and for months on end. But when she was home she played the doting housewife, and when he died of what was said to be heart failure, the whole town supported her at his funeral. Soon after, the couple's house, which had been left to Lanning's sister, burned down. The insurance money went to Widow Nannie Lanning, who quickly banked i t, and after Lanning's mother died in her sleep, Nannie left North Carolina and ended up at her sister Dovie's home.Dovie was bedridden; soon after sister Nan's arrival, she died. [edit] Fourth marriage Looking for yet another husband, Nannie joined the Diamond Circle Club and soon met Richard L. Morton of Emporia, Kansas. He didn't have a drinking problem, but he was a womanizer. Morton met his death in April 1953–3 months after Nannie's mother, Lou, had come to live with them and ended up poisoned to death. [edit] Fifth marriage Nannie met and married Samuel Doss of Tulsa, Oklahoma, in June 1953. A clean-cut, churchgoing man, he disapproved of the romance novels and stories that Nannie adored.In September, Samuel was admitted to the hospital with flu-like symptoms. The hospital diagnosed a severe digestive tract infection. He was treated and released on October 5. Nannie killed him that evening in her rush to collect the 2 life insurance policies she had taken out on him. T his sudden death alerted his doctor, who ordered an autopsy. The autopsy revealed a huge amount of arsenic in his system. Nannie was promptly arrested. [edit] Confession and conviction Nannie confessed to killing 4 of her husbands, her mother, her sister Dovie, her grandson Robert, and her mother-in-law Lanning.The state of Oklahoma centered its case only on Samuel Doss. The prosecution found her mentally fit for trial. Nannie pleaded guilty on May 17, 1955, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. The state did not pursue the death penalty due to her gender. Doss was never charged with the other deaths. She died of leukemia in the hospital ward of the Oklahoma State Penitentiary in 1965. [edit] References * Wilson, Colin. The Mammoth Book of True Crime. New York: Carroll ; Graf Publishers, 1998. ISBN 0-7867-0536-1 * Nannie Doss the Lonely Hearts Husband Killer. [1] 1. Manners, Terry, Deadlier than the Male, 1995. Page 76 ISBN 0-330-33711-4. 2. ^ Tulsa World: Oklahoma Centennial Stor ies 3. ^ Nannie Doss: A Who2 Profile 4. ^ Nannie Doss on TruTV's Crime Library [edit] External links * Nannie Doss at the Crime Library * [2] The Giggling Grandma at the Malefactor's Register Authority control| * VIAF: 172021019| | Persondata| Name| Doss, Nannie| Alternative names| | Short description| | Date of birth| November 4, 1905| Place of birth| Blue Mountain, Alabama, United States| Date of death| June 2, 1965| Place of death| | Retrieved from â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. rg/w/index. php? title=Nannie_Doss&oldid=543731678† Categories: * 1905 births * 1965 deaths * People from Anniston, Alabama * 1927 crimes * American serial killers * Female serial killers * American female murderers * Deaths from leukemia * Cancer deaths in Oklahoma * American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment * Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Oklahoma * American people who died in prison custody * Prisoners who died in Oklahoma detention * American people convicted of murder * Peop le convicted of murder by Oklahoma * Murderers for insurance money * PoisonersHidden categories: * Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers * Persondata templates without short description parameter Navigation menu Personal tools * Create account * Log in Namespaces * Article * Talk Variants Views * Read * Edit * View history Actions Search ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form Navigation * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events * Random article * Donate to Wikipedia * Wikimedia Shop Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox * What links here * Related changes Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page Print/export * Create a book * Download as PDF * Printable version Languages * * Francais * Italiano * Magyar * Nederlands * * Edit links * This page w as last modified on 13 March 2013 at 00:44. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * *

Summary of leaders and followers

Summary of â€Å"how to cultivate effective follower† April Wang English Composition I Professor Hampton October 25th, 2012 cultivate effective followers† 2 Summary of â€Å"How to In the article â€Å"How to cultivate effective followers†, the writer Christopher Lorenz identifies that followers who could not follow a parade in the past is playing a remarkable role during recent years, that is to say, since the followers are taken into fully account nowadays, they are becoming more efficient and play a key role in the many.However, the author also stressed that he was not going to have a debate with anyone who had great passion for leadership. According to the author, followers are divided into five types in this article: sheep, yes people, alienated followers, survivors, effective followers. In that case, some recommendations are also given to help foster efficient followers. Truly, most of the time, we do not act as a leader but a follower. Viewing that issue, Kelly, who is an industrial administration in Pittsburgh at Carnegie-Mellon University, did a research about it.Basically, it is separated in to five different sorts according to followers' various qualities in Kelly's study. First, sheep only do, if any, what the leaders let them do. They do not have their own opinions and depend on their leaders all the time. Yes people, obviously, are also a group of people who concern nothing but the tasks are given. Only when the leader is â€Å"blind†, this type of followers may be popular. Alienated followers are cynics–they hold their own ideas which are always the opposite of their leaders and never drop them. Survivors depend on their traders' tempers.Their motto is â€Å"does anything that can please leaders†. Effective followers, who are probably only imaginations, are the most ideal ones. They 3 are not afraid of taking risks, for they claim that they have equal duties for their organizations. Hence, Kelly provided some strategies to us to develop more effective followers. First, the most important thing is to create a common value which can help them work toward a same goal. For example, give customers best services and make them feel at home. Second, aim for making independent and decisive followers.For instance, leaders can allow followers to speak out, which mean they can discuss strategy plans together. Third, leaders should be willing to share powers to others. At the same time, followers will have much more opportunities to make decisions. This is a beneficial way to get everyone involved. Generally speaking, followers should be paid more attention not only by leaders but also by our whole community. When talking about this, I strongly agree with him. Here are my reasons. First, evidently, in a company, only leaders can achieve nothing. Leaders and lowers hold each other tightly toward a common destination is a best way.Thus, the author evidences us some ways, which are studied by Rober t E. Kelly, to make efficient followers. I also learnt it in my leadership class. An efficacious company needs appropriate followers to work with leaders actively to overcome obstacles. If the company is a manufacturer, it needs people to do a single thing day and night. Then, sheep followers are popular. Second, as we can see, in this article, Kelly (1989, Para 3) said, â€Å"What distinguishes effective followers from leaders is not intelligent, ability or any other qualities, but the role they play'.Definitely, everyone should 4 have the opportunity to take control, make decisions and give advice. They can choose someone who has a specialization on the task to help achieve the goal effectively, someone need not to be a leader, someone who are brave and responsible enough to take actions and changes. Last but not least, the time of being identified as a follower is much longer than being a leader; hence, everyone has the necessary to learn how to be both popular leaders and effic ient followers.When I was a freshman, I Join the student association as a leader in one of the student groups. At the same time, I also had a leader in the whole association. I should learn how to be benign to my followers, how to get along well with my colleagues, and how to be credible to my leaders. To achieve the author's goal, he does use some available writing styles, but not everything is so perfect. Logos is the most extraordinary style in this article. At first, he used two clear lists to introduce us the different kinds of followers and the ways to achieve effective followers.Second, his langue is terse and perspicuous. For example, â€Å"sheep are passive and uncritical, lacking in initiative and responsibility'. Only one sentence can tell the main characters of sheep. There are also some drawbacks. First and foremost, I think there should be some examples, when talking about different types of followers. It would more clearly. Moreover, from the whole essay, the author used too much Kelly's words. It would be better to add more opinions about himself. To sum up, I forcefully believe that followers are also taking a big issue.For one thing, no matter how little the company we stayed is, followers should be regarded as 5 equal as leaders. For another, it is strongly suggested that more attention should be taken on followers, since we are more likely a follower rather than a leader in a company. In addition, here is a virtual advice. If a leader is not willing to share power with his followers, it is hard to build ideal followers-?effective followers.

Pedicure and Dressing Area

Client: Excuse me. Where would I find body lotion? Lucy: Body lotion? Have a look in the makeup section, in isle 4. Client: Actually, I did and there wasn't any. Lucy: I'm sorry. Let me get some from De back. Do you need anything else? Client: Yes. I couldn't find any nail file. Lucy: Ooh. I'm sorry, but we don't have any nail file at the moment. Client: Oh, no. Don't tell me that. Mom is going to kill me.I lost her nail file yesterday, so I need to get new one. Lucy: I'm sorry to hear that. Where is my nail file Let's see, it will be 80 dollars in all. But you can charge it to your room. Great. Thank you. By the way, how much will the massage and the facial? I don't have much cash on me. Sure. Let me show you to the dressing area. Mom. That's a long time. Can I get massage in the meantime? For around 20 minutes. How long do I have to wait? Of course, but you might have to wait. There's someone ahead of you.Good morning. WSDL it be possible to get facial? Can I help you, Ms' Mary: I' m Mary. I have a 4 o'clock appointment for a manicure with Lisa. Receptionist: get a facial in the meantime? Receptionist: I'm sorry we don't have anything until 5. Mary: Oh no. What about a massage. Receptionist: Yes. Please let me show you the dressing area. Mary: Thank you. One more question. Is it customary to tip the staff? Receptionist: Well, that's up to you. But most clients give one or two dollars.

Identification and analysis of DNA repair mechanisms Thesis

Identification and analysis of DNA repair mechanisms - Thesis Example In both of these cases, DNA repair systems involve the use of the Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 complex. This project aims to identify and examine what DNA repair systems are present in the cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and how these contribute to resistance to treatment with nucleoside analogues. This information should help to provide further insight into the way in which human cells are able to develop resistance to this form of treatment, and perhaps provide some indication of a method to prevent this. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 DNA repair and cancer 6 DNA replication 7 DNA repair 9 MRN Complex 11 Topoisomerase inhibitors 13 Nucleoside analogues 15 Involvement of DNA repair 17 Project System 20 Aims and Objectives 21 References 22 Introduction In everyday life, cells are exposed to external and internal agents that cause thousands of DNA mutations per day. These mutations range from being small, such as affecting a single nucleotide, to large mutations where accurate rep air can be difficult. For the accurate propagation of the genetic information within cells, it is essential that the body has mechanisms of repairing damage in a reliable manner. However, while many methods for DNA repair exist, these are not always successful and mutations can accumulate, resulting in the development of cancer (Helleday et al., 2007). Understanding these processes, why they occur the way that they do and what can be done to influence these is crucial for knowing the way that cancer occurs, and determining methods of treating it effectively. In our modern society, cancer has remained one of the most well studied diseases and perhaps one of the least understood. The fundamental aspects of cancer are damage in the DNA of a cell that results in a lack of control over cell growth and replication, as well reducing the likelihood that cells will enter apoptosis. These cells are able to proliferate well beyond the normal constraints of the tissue that they are in (Loeb and Loeb, 2000). With high levels of replication and low cell death, abnormal cells build up within the body and interfere with body functions. The exact mechanisms that causes these mutations to occur, and allows the cells to break free of the cell control pathway are the focus of much current research into cancer, as understanding these pathways may help to develop treatment or prevent cells from entering this state. Cancer is a disease where mutations in DNA accumulate to the point that traditional controls over cell behaviour can be bypassed, often involving the accumulation of mutations in genes responsible for the birth or death of the cell, as well as controls over the cell cycle (Lengauer et al., 1998). Research indicates that the tumours developed as the result of cancer are heterogeneous (Loeb et al., 2003). Because of this, cancer needs to be thought of as a collection of disease rather than a single disease (Huang et al., 2006). This is an important factor when studying can cer, as it explains why some mechanisms are prevalent in some forms of cancer, but not others. Genetic instability is thought to be one of the driving factors of the development of tumours and this in turn is driven by DNA damage and errors in the replication machinery. However, spontaneous mutation is only one aspect of the puzzle, and the prevalence of cancer development and succession of mutations

How does decentralised cooperation help Asian cities adopt and Essay

How does decentralised cooperation help Asian cities adopt and implement the integrated approaches to urban heritage conservation by setting up the appropriate - Essay Example cooperation strategy precede the actual live case study of a successful development cooperation between the cities of Chinon and Luang Prabang.The case study exemplifies that the ten year old development cooperation was a success owing to active funding, lively and positive political will, international and domestic partnering, involvement and empowering of local population, creation of a regulatory framework, creation of an accountable and audited nation wide system of organizations entrusted with the task of urban regeneration integrated with harmonious protection of cultural heritage and proper system of regeneration and conservation skills transfer and training. Further discussions reveal that many Asian cities can benefit by replicating the Chinon and Luang Prabang model. The paper suggests that future research can continuously probe the need to apply this model to various regions in Asia which will not only result in harmonious urbanization of these areas without damaging their culture but also work to broaden the horizons of international partners who would also gain from the Asian context. Asia-Pacific region is privileged to possess a vast and ancient cultural heritage. For such a long time, this heritage has shaped much of the lives and value systems of the regions’ peoples. However, heritage is more than a mere historical record of the past; on the contrary, it is an integral part of the identity, and a symbol of the cultural identity of the citizens and the communities of the region. Notwithstanding this, Asia is under pressure from various influences. For one, there is globalisation and the need to modernize, two, from unabated increase in population of the region, and, three, from the burgeoning demands of tourism. As a consequence, many cities have come to recognise that their time-preserved cultural heritages are facing the danger of being destroyed in the name of economic development and modernisation. Rapid and large-scale industrialisation and

Beethoven Hearing Loss May Have Shaped Transition in His Musical Essay

Beethoven Hearing Loss May Have Shaped Transition in His Musical Styles - Essay Example His works are different than any of the previous composers of his time via the formation of extended, architectonic, large forms differentiated by the exclusive development of motifs, themes, and musical materials, particularly by way of â€Å"modulation†, that is, an alteration in the sensation of home key, via a diversification of harmonic or keys regions. A great musician, an expert of almost anything, Beethoven composed thirty two sonatas in only just the years between 1792 and 1822. This time period was a time when Classical period was moving towards Romantic period. Beethoven’s music paralleled the concurrent development of the new idea in the literature, a form of literary emphasized on the expansion of one or more individuals through complicated circumstances of life, and of the contemporary nature of the idealism of Germans’ philosophy, spirit, mind that unfolds via an intricate procedure of challenges between the objective and subjective up till a synth esis or resolution happens in the scenario when all of these challenges and expansion phases have been included in a advanced harmony. (Mann, 2011) He was sent by his instructor to Vienna where he took lessons from Mozart. Mozart was an inspirer of Beethoven’s talent and abilities. ... There are three periods of his life: the first Vienna period (1792-1802), the middle period from 1802 to 1814, and the last period which was after 1815 until his death in 1827. Each period depicts a diverse musical style which was profoundly affected by his hearing disabilities, a study proclaims. Even though later works of Haydn reflected a superior variability between remote keys. The innovation of Beethoven was his capability to refurbish a solidity in contrasting varying keys and unanticipated noted to unite them. This explicit extension of realm of harmonic music makes a sense of experiential and vast musical space via the moves of music, and the expansion of materials of music makes a sense of restating drama in this room. (Mann, 2011) According to a research in British Medical Journal, there is dissimilarity between the music from the early life of Beethoven to the period when his hearing loss began in 1801 to the time period when he became completely deaf in 1825. The study w as made by a team of researchers at Amsterdam University in Netherlands on use of high notes in Beethoven’s composing career. The piano sonatas, which were composed by Beethoven in the period of transition from the Classic time period to Romantic (heroic) time period to Creative era, comprises of the elements of music that Beethoven took from his predecessors and shaped it in a genuinely novel form. Still, those sonatas evidently depicted the transition in his style of music and life, and this music of Beethoven became the antecedent to many of the great composers after his time and to current age. Beethoven is well known for most of his famous works which include the Emperor Concerto, Fifth symphony, the Eroica, his only one opera Fidelio, and Pastoral

The Federal Reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Federal Reserve - Essay Example Monetary policies are conducted through open market purchases, changing the discount rate, and determining the reserve requirement among banks. The main premise of any monetary policy instituted by the Fed is that any change in the money supply will consequently affect aggregate demand, price level, and the GDP deflator. Open market purchases allow Fed to buy and sell T-bills and T-bonds at discounts in order to take advantage of the gains from the purchase price and maturity value. These instruments are generally considered as less risky investments as they assure Fed of a sure yield at maturity dates. Fed, with its discretionary power, can also opt to purchase and sell stocks. However, as Fed is mandated is act like a "prudent person" and limit itself to less risky financial instruments, it will not engage in such operations. Accordingly, Fed is not allowed to enter in transactions that a prudent man will not undertake. It should be noted that stock markets like the NYSE are highly volatile and stocks are high risk investments. Selling and buying stocks will expose Fed into the risk of losing all its investments with the failure and collapse of business organizations.

Leadership Application Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership Application Project - Essay Example Leadership By Example We have read or heard people who have etched their name in history books as a great leader of their time, whether in fame or notoriety. People like Moses in the Bible, Churchill and Hitler during the World War II or Obama and Bin Laden in the 21st century have captured the imagination of the world. They were leaders on their own right, whether chosen by their people or self proclaimed themselves. There are so many types of leadership: charismatic, participative, situational, transactional, transformational, quiet, and servant. What do these people have that they have so many followers? What are their traits? Do they have maxims they earnestly follow? For this project, we will try to look into the style of leadership which an individual can follow which will eventually make him/her a good leader. Firstly, let’s define what leadership is, according to Northouse (2007)â€Å"Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objecti ve and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent† (p. 3) in simple term, it is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal or objective. There is a notion that leaders are born rather than made. On the contrary, leaders are made through knowledge and skills which is called â€Å"Process Leadership† by Jago, 1982. Jago added that we have traits that can influence our actions which he termed as â€Å"Trait Leadership†. When we are task to lead people, we will be confronted on how to strategize them to follow what we have initially planned, in order to achieve our goal. In this case, we choose the leadership by example because study shows this is what the great leaders demonstrated in achieving their objectives. As Mahatma Gandhi once said â€Å"You must be the change you wish to see in the world.† It is not from another person that we rely for an answer to our problem, it should come from us. No matter our position or role maybe we can take the initiative and make the decision to show the way for others. I would like to cite a simple case in a family. The father, usually the breadwinner, who will take care of the basic needs of the family, that is, food, shelter and clothing. If the father remiss his duty-bound responsibilities because of his irresponsible attitude and unsound decisions, he will not gain support worse respect from his children and spouse. The father should be a role model to his children by leading by example. By showing that you care for their well-being and have an open communication, these two traits alone will work effectively in the family. How do we correlate this in an organization or a big corporation? In a setting where a leader plays a vital role to accomplish an organization’s objectives, he/she should have the traits, skills and knowledge necessary to perform his/her assigned task effectively. A classic example of a perso n balancing family and corporate affairs effectively is psychologist Lily Kelly-Radford, a vice-president of the prominent nonprofit Center for Creative Leadership (CCL). As quoted by Deborah Smith Bailey, Kelly-Radford says â€Å"if you’re good at what you do, take self-care measures and get creative about integrating your work and family life, you can be a successful leader and fulfill personal obligations† (Monitor Staff). She had an extensive experience in teaching and private consulting prior

Fall colours Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fall colours - Essay Example Science Content The general perception is that cold weather or autumn is the predominant reason for the colour change. According to The United States National Arboretum, â€Å"while temperature may dictate the color and its intensity, it is only one of many environmental factors that play a part in painting deciduous woodlands in glorious fall colors† (par. 2). This was corroborated by Schwartz who averred that â€Å"although day length, light, temperature, ground moisture and insects all affect fall colours, scientists say that climate change might also be having an impact† (Schwartz par. 22). Source: The United States National Arboretum Source: Schwartz A simple explanation on why leaves change their colour in fall was provided in Science News. As indicated, the rationale stems from the three main pigments in leaves, identified as â€Å"carotene, anthocyanin, and the photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll, which captures the sun’s energy to make food for plantsâ €  (University of Wisconsin-Madison par. 2). The most predominantly abundant pigment was identified to be chlorophyll which is responsible for giving the leaves the color green reportedly during summer and spring. The article likewise indicated that there is another crucial component in the leaves, auxin, which was a chemical noted to control cells, specifically at the base part of the leaf: the abscission layer. During spring or summer, the abscission layer was identified to be prevented from full development by the auxin and therefore restricts the connection of the leaves to the alleged circulatory system of the tree (University of Wisconsin-Madison). Then, as explicitly noted, during fall, â€Å"cooler and shorter days trigger an end to auxin production, allowing the abscission layer to grow and cut off the circulation of water, nutrients and sugar to the leaves. When this happens, chlorophyll disintegrates rapidly, letting carotene shine through as the yellow in maple, aspe n and birch leaves† (University of Wisconsin-Madison par. 4). The roles of other environmental factors were further explained in the article published by The United States National Arboretum. Accordingly, â€Å"temperature, sunlight, and soil moisture greatly influence the quality of the fall foliage display† (The United States National Arboretum par. 8). Likewise, at its simplest narrative structure, Schwartz added that â€Å"leaves at the top and outer edges of a canopy usually have far brighter colour than the leaves that get less intense sunlight† (par. 13). Thus, the position of the leaves, the exposure to sunlight, the location and kind of trees all contribute to disparities in pigmentation and colours. The reasons why changes in colours are likewise different ensue from masking of pigments in leaves. As indicated: â€Å"Chlorophyll normally masks the yellow pigments known as xanthophylls and the orange pigments called carotenoids — both then become visible when the green chlorophyll is gone. These colors are present in the leaf throughout the growing season. Red and purple pigments come from anthocyanins. In the fall anthocyanins are manufactured from the sugars that are trapped in the leaf. In most plants anthocyanins are typically not present during the growing season† (The United States National Arboretum par. 6) Applications The change in colours of leaves during autumn affect people in terms of influencing emotions through the different colours that

Exam(account) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exam(account) - Essay Example (Abrema, 2009) There are many methods which are preferred by the Accounting Standards for the valuation of the stock, e.g. Specific Identification, FIFO, LIFO, Weighted Average etc. In order to assess the stock valuation model to be adopted by the company, following points would be considered: Specific Identification method is the most favorable and an ideal method to be used. Here, the actual cost of the Inventory can be identified but there are some limitations as it can be used in large and easily traceable good manufacturing industries such as Vehicles and Furniture. (Money Central, 2009) In FIFO (First In First Out) method, it is assumed that the goods that were bought first were also sold first. As a result, during a rising trend in prices FIFO will give a better assessment of the cost of ending Inventory. (CBA, 1998) LIFO (Last In First Out) method assumes that the goods bought in at the end are being sold first. Therefore, the ending inventory will be valued at a lower price during a rising trend in prices and vice versa. (CBA, 1998) but one of the advantages of using LIFO is that it reduces the amount of taxes during rising trend of prices. In Weighted Average, an average of the whole rate is determined and that rate is applied to the Ending Inventory. It is easy to calculate but it doesn’t show the exact effect of Inflation on prices. (CBA,

Article on a Person I Admire Essay Example for Free

Article on a Person I Admire Essay Depressed bulimic is a role model However inadequate to being a role model a depressed person struggling with bulimia might seem, our history holds an unquestionably notable one. Married to The Prince of Wales, Diana Frances became the first high-profile celebrity to be photographed touching an HIV-infected child and at once the most loved Princess of all times. Her life and activities had a significant impact on changing people’s attitudes and making the world a better place, for which I admire her greatly. The first Englishwomen married into the Royal Family had it not downhill, but no sooner had she been allowed to speak for herself irrespective of the Palace opinions than she became immersed in numerous charitable causes including getting involved in the AIDS research, which was strongly disapproved of by the Royals. Despite all criticism Lady Di continued throughout her marriage to patronise over one hundred nonprofit organisations. Increasing public awareness of the land mines issue and its dreadful consequences is also an achievement we should ascribe to The Princess of Wales. Doing all the charity stuff is, one may say, one thing and changing people’s lives is another, but still we have to give credit where credit is due, and the „Queen of Hearts† sure deserves one. Having problems as serious and discomforting to talk about as the rest of the nation (loveless marriage, bulimia, depression) and openly talking about them brought her closer to people than any other prominent figure has ever been. Her strength and confidence while overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles inspired others and encouraged them to make the best of a bad job. Although it has been over a decade since her death, Princess Diana is still looked up to and thought of as a women who was at once a royal personage and a compassionate friend. She would use all the media attention she was being given due to her position, status and fame to help those in need, especially the victims of diseases, poverty and social intolerance. (337)

Benefits of fruits Essay Example for Free

Benefits of fruits Essay ACAI BERRIES Acai is rich in antioxidants such as Vitamin C and polyphenols. It contains ample amount ofiron, calcium and vitamin A. Acai has high caloric values and fats when compared with other berries Read more KUMQUAT These fruits are cholesterol, fat, and sodium free. They provide a good source of fiber and of the vitamins A and C. Can cook with sugar then use to top pound cake or ice cream. Read more POMEGRANATE In the Christian art, it is found in devotional statues and paintings. It is used as a gargle for sore throat, and to treat hemorrhoids. People use pomegranate for flu, stomatitis, gum, diabetes, bleeding, etc. Read more ALMOND Almonds paste with milk cream, applying regularly makes skin fair with glow. It is rich in Iron, copper, phosphorus and vitamin B1. Almond oil applied over forehead relieves headache Read more KIWI It is a small fruit that protects DNA from mutations Kiwi an exotic fruit contain as much potassium as bananas. Asthma, wheezing, Coughing and colon cancer especially in children can be prevented. Read more PRUNES Prunes contains lot of fibers and sorbitol a stool loosening sugar. Prunes have a laxative effect. Dried prune is better than fresh prune. The salts contained in the dried prune are valuable as food for the blood, brain, and nerves. Read more APRICOT Ripen apricots are very good source for the young children as well as the older people. This fruit is quite laxative, and have high rate of alkalinity. Apricots also contain cobalt that is necessary for the treatment of anemic conditions. Read more LEMON Lemon is not only used for cooking, but also to treat ailments ranging from epilepsy to the cold. Lemon juice prevents certain fruits like apples, avocados and pears from discoloring once theyve been peeled. Use pure lemon juice on wasp and bee stings to relieve pain Read more PUMKIN Pumpkin can be used in pudding or it can be liquefied. Pumpkin seeds mixed together with soy milk make a great remedy for parasitic worms in the digestive tract. relieves from Oxidative stress which leads to heart diseases, Alzheimer’s diseases, as well as cancers. Read more BIGNAY The leaves of the bignay fruit are very much useful in the treatment of snakebite. Leaves and fruits used for anemia and hypertension. Young leaves are boiled for the treatment of syphilitic affections. It is common venereal disease caused by treponema pallidum spirochete Read more LIME Lime is a hybrid fruit that cures scurvy, caused due to deficiency of vitamin-C These are also characterized by infections such as cough and cold, ulcers in mouth , swollen and bleeding gums. The ample of acids present in lime helps to clear the excretory system by washing and cleaning off the tracts Read more PUMMELO The skinned segments can be broken apart and used in salads and desserts or made into preserves. Pomelo is an excellent source of Vitamin C and potassium. This stimulates the appetite by increasing gastric secretions in the stomach and helps to tone the stomach. Read more BILBERRY It has been used for diarrhea, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and to improve night vision. This also helps to prevent the damage to cells. Antioxidants helps to prevent illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and an eye disorder. Read more LOMENT A loment is a type of legume that breaks at constrictions occurring between the segments of the seeds. Being a legume, it is dry at maturity and is dehiscent, meaning that it will split open at maturity. This also contains huge number of medicinal values. Read more RAISINS The raisins helps in relief from constipation, acidosis, anemia, fever, and sexual weakness. Raisins also help to gain weight, and provides eye care, dental care, and bone health. Raisins may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking and brewing. Read more BLACKBERRY Blackberries are rich in iron, but it can cause constipation. This fruit have been used for years to control diarrhea. If one can take blackberry juice with no constipating results, it is one of the best builders of the blood. Read more LONGAN Loganberries are high in Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin K, Folate, Copper and Dietary Fiber The fruit is low in saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium. It is used as an ingredient in jams, pies, crumbles, syrups and wines. Read more RAMBUTAN Rambutan fruit contains carbohydrate, protein, fat, phosphorus, iron, calcium and vitamin C. The Skin tanin of this fruits contain saponin. The fruit are usually sold fresh, used in making jams and jellies, or canned. Read more BLUEBERRY Blueberries have high silicon, which helps to rejuvenate the pancreas. The fruit is said to be good for diabetic conditions. The juice was used as a cough medicine, and the leaves and roots were ground into powder to treat a number of ailments. Read more LOQUAT Delicious, loquats are very low in calories; provide just 47 cal per 100 g, but rich in insoluble dietary fiber, pectin. Pectin retains moisture in the colon and thus functions as bulk laxative. Loquats can also be used to make light wine, sometimes using just the crystal sugar and white liquor. Read more RASPBERRY Raspberries are considered as the very good cleanser for mucus, for catarrhal conditions, and for toxins present in the body. They are a good source of vitamins A and C. Raspberry were called â€Å"ida,† probably after the mountain they were found growing on. Read more BOYSENBERRIES Boysenberry anthocyanins appear to have anti-inflammatory and cancer inhibitory properties Boysenberries should be used within a couple days of purchase It may be eaten fresh or used as part of jams, preserves, pies, and syrups, or made into wine. Read more LYCHEE Lychee fruits are low in calories, contains no saturated fats or cholesterol, but rich in dietary fiber. Canned lychees can be used to make a fruit cocktail. Peeled, seeded lychees are canned in sugar sirup in India and China and have been exported. Read more ROSEHIPS One of the best ways to use rose hips is to brew them into tea either used as fresh or dried. They are also edible and a good source of vitamin C. Helps in preventing and treating colds,Infections,Fever,and boost the immune system. Read more BUTTERNUT SQUASH It is used in soup and can be cooked on a grill wrapped in foil with spices such as nutmeg and cinnamon. The butternut squash is one of the most versatile winter squash, as it lends itself many preparations. The deep orange color comes Due to its vitamin A/beta carotene . Read more MACADAMIA Macadamia was used as an ornamental and for reforestation. The tip, side,wedge or cleft grafting is used under greenhouse conditions upto 1ft high. It is high in palmitoleic acid, found in the sebum of our skins, and therefore has a great affinity to our skin. Read more SAGUARO The saguaro blossom is the state flower of Arizona. The saguaro is used as an emblem in commercials and logos to convey a sense of the southwest. The ribs of the saguaro were used for construction and other purposes by Native Americans. Read more CASHEWNUTS Cashew nuts provide protein and fiber to body. The main use of cashewnut is as a snack. But many innovative food companies are discovering cashews as an ingredient. Cashew Flour and Pasteare used in many asian sweets, gravies and fancy Marzipans. Read more MANDARIN Mandarin can be attributed as anti septic, cytophylactic, depurative, digestive, hepatic,relaxant, sedative and tonic. Vitamin C present in mandarin oranges protects the sperm from genetic damage Mandarins have been used in ayurveda and to reduce phlegm. Read more SAPODILLA Sapodilla is rich in dietary fiber that makes it good laxative. The fiber content helps to relieve constipation protects the mucous membrane of the colon from cancer . Paste made from the sapodilla seeds can be applied to stings and bites, and the juice from the seeds has antihistamine qualities. Read more CANTALOUPE Cantaloupe contains an excellent source of vitamin A and beta-carotene. cantaloupe cures fevers, moisten the lungs, and urine problem. It helps in prevention of heart disease,as they contain an anticoagulant called adenosine. Read more MANGOES A Mango Milkshake helps the people to gain weight. Mangoes are thought to help stop bleeding, to strengthen the heart, and to benefit the brain. The powder of dried kernel of Mango seeds with fresh water cures the habit of eating soil in kinds. Read more SATSUMA Satsuma fruit is compatible with each other that create the greatest synergistic health. Their peel can be used to spice a meal or to flavor a beverage. The dried peel of the fruit is used in the regulation of chi, and also used to treat abdominal distension. Read more CLEMENTINE Clementines are a good source of vitamin C, potassium, thiamin, and niacin. Clementine fruit also contain fiber that act as a very good natural energy booster. Clementines have almost no fat, and an average clementine has only about 35 calories. Read more MANGOSTEEN It contain an essential nutrients, which are required for growth and development of nutritional well-being. The fruit contains 7 to 14% catechin tannin and rosin,used for tanning leather in China. Mangosteen twigs are used as chewsticks in Ghana.It also yields a black dye. Read more STRAWBERRY Strawberries are accessory fruit often used to flavor other foods, such as ice cream. They have many other nutrients and can be efficiently used to prevent many diseases. Strawberry fruit are eaten raw or used in making juice, desserts, jam, syrup and wine. Read more CRANBERRY Cranberries contain high acid content, and so it should not be eaten too frequently. Cranberries increases the acidity of the urine in the human body. Because of their extremely tart taste, people drown them in sugar syrup, that makes them unhealthy Read more MINNEOLA Fat-free, saturated fat-free, cholesterol-free and sodium-free. Minneolas are rich in vitamin C and contain vitamin B1, potassium, folate, calcium and dietary fiber. Minneola Tangelos are called Honeybells because of their slightly elongated end, that forms a bell shape Read more SQUASH Winter squash contains more amount of vitamin A when compared to the summer squash . Both are low in carbohydrates and can be used in all diets. Squash is a high potassium and sodium food that leaves an alkaline ash in the body. Read more CROWBERRY In subarctic areas, crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit and the Sami. It gives a steady crop and the gathering is relatively easy. The high concentration of anthocyanin pigment can be used as a natural food dye. Read more MULBERRY In times past, mulberries were believed to have great curative powers and were used as a general cure-all. Now, they are used mainly in eliminating and weight-loss diets. They are also good for building the blood, and for coating the stomach in any gastric. Read more SURINAM CHERRY Children enjoy the ripe fruits out-of-hand. The leaf infusion of the surinam cherry is taken as a stomachic, febrifuge and astringent. The leaf decoction is drunk as a cold remedy and, in combination with lemongrass, as a febrifuge Read more CURRANT When dried,currants are valuable in combating anemia,as they contain iron, copper,and manganese. They have an alkaline reaction and work as a laxative in the body. Black currant oil and juice extracts are used as antioxidant, to treat rheumatoid arthritis and night and fatigue-related visual impairment. Read more NANCE The fruits are used to prepare carbonated beverages, or an acid, oily, fermented beverage called chicha applied to assorted beer-like drinks . Nance is a tropical fruit cultivated in coastal areas of Mexico. Nance can be used as fresh fruit and for preparing fruit rolls, jellies, syrup, ice cream, and cakes. Read more SWEET ORANGE Sweet Orange is used in alternative herbal treatments to treat ailments and problems. It is used to rejuvenate the skin with the action of the AHA ,in skin care cosmetics and to stimulate the lymph system. This orange is used as a rootstock in groves of sweet orange. Read more DATES Dates used on cereals make a wonderful sweetener. The date water can be used with milk for children who have sensitive stomachs, as it helps digest the milk. The Ancient Egyptians used the fruits to be made into date wine, and ate them at harvest. Read more NECTARINE Nectarines are considered as a subacid fruit and that can be mixed with any kind of fruit. They leave an alkaline ash, and are best eaten raw.   Nectarines provide twice the vitamin A, slightly more vitamin C, and much more potassium than peaches. Read more TANGERINE Tangerines are an essential source of vitamin C. The thin membrane covers the segments contains a digestion-aiding factor, and should always be eaten. Tangerines fruit mainly reduces the weight and yields good general health for the human beings. Read more DRUPE Drupes are sweet, fleshy that attracts the attention of animals as a food. Freestone refers to a drupe having a stone which can be removed from the flesh easily. A drupe contains a single seed enclosed by a endocarp, which often adheres closely to the seed within. Read more OLIVE The olive oil contains high content of monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidative substances. People use the fruit ,seeds,water of fruit and the leaves to make medicine. It is used to prevent heart attack, stroke , cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and migraine headache. Read more TAYBERRY The Tayberry can be eaten as a fresh fruit or used for making jams, pies, wine,etc,. Wine made from the tayberry fruit are moreover said to be refreshing agent. Tayberry fruit and the leaves are a good home medicine for diarrhea and chewing the leaves cures bleeding. Read more ELDERBERRY Elderberry juice is a good cleanser,that can be diluted with other juices. It is good as a tonic for the reproductive and glandular system. Ir retains therapeutic uses as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and immuno-stimulant, as a herbal remedy. Read more ORANGE Oranges are an excellent source of vitamin C. It is low in calories, no saturated fats or cholesterol, and is rich in dietary fiber, pectin. Orange oil and orange peel extract are key ingredients in some fire ant repellents. Read more TOMATO Tomatoes are rich in vitamins and are wonderful blood cleanser. The juice can be used in diets, in other raw vegetable juices such as celery, parsley, beet, and carrot juice. Half-ripe tomatoes are useful during summer season as it prevents sun-stroke or heat-stroke. Read more FIG Due to high sugar content inFigs produces good energy.   Figs are said to be laxative due to mucin and pectin membrane present in this fruit. Dried figs may also give nourishment to the body, especially in the winter. Read more PAPAYA Papaya contain enzymes that soften and heal the skin. The enzymes in these fruits scrap free-radical damage and relieves age spots and fine lines. They also purify the skin by dissolving dead cells from the skin’s surface. Read more TAXUS It is used in landscaping and ornamental horticulture. The drug paclitaxel used in breast, ovarian and lung cancer treatment, is derived from Taxus brevifolia. Over 400 cultivars of yews have been derived from Taxus baccata. Read more GOOSEBERRY Gooseberries are considered as good for the liver and intestinal tract. They develop an alkaline ash when digested. These are watery, and have a high potassium and sodium content . Read more PEARS Pears have high content of vitamin C and iron. They are good in all diets and are a wonderful digestive aid. They help normalize bowel activity. These are always good for skin and have plenty of fibers Read more UGLI The pegs and juice are used to make sweet and savory recipes. The juice is delicious warmed as a hot toddy with rum, and used to make ice creams and souffles. Ugli is rich in vitamin C that can be squeeze easily for refreshing drink. Read more GANDARIA Gandaria fruits, especially the sweet varieties, are consumed fresh or eaten cooked in syrup. Immature fruits are chopped and used as an ingredient in condiment sambal. Young leaves are also consumed in salads and eaten with sambal. Read more PERSIMMON When thoroughly ripe,persimmons are a rich source of fruit sugar. Dried persimmons are almost as sweet as candy.   They are rich in potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and are good to use in a soft diet. Read more WALNUTS Walnuts are the only nuts that have omega-3 fatty acids in high amounts. Omega -3 fatty acids are helpful in lowering triglycerides. Triglycerides should not be more than a certain level in the blood from hearts health point of view. Read more HONEYSUCKLE High in Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium, the leaves can be eaten as a vegetable. It is an antibacterial, antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge,that reduces blood pressure. Infusion of flower buds helps in treatment of syphillitic skin diseases, tumors, dysentery, colds cough. Read more PINEAPPLE Pineapple contains the enzymes, are soften that helps in healing of many skin diseases . The enzymes in these fruits scrap free-radical damage and are known to relieve age spots and fine lines . Pineapple also helps to purify the skin by dissolving all the dead cells from the skin’s surface. Read more WATERMELON Most of us love watermelonfor its taste, but many are ignorant of its health benefits. This article deals with the health benefits of watermelon, which is widely cultivated across the globe. watermelon has been used as a medicinal plant in several native cultures. Read more View as multi-pages

What Kind Of Impact She Makes To My Life

What Kind Of Impact She Makes To My Life Introduction The person who had a significant influence in our life is a person who we consider as a role model. It means the ideal which we would like to resemble. In my life I have to say that my mother, Sumatra was such a kind of model. My mother has most definitely been the biggest influence in my life. She is the only person who always told me to be who I am and had a positive influence in my life. However, I cannot say that I would like to be a copy of my mother or that I fully accept his principles and ideals. In fact, I believe that each person is unique. Anyway, I still appreciate the basic principles. Almost all the day of a person life is an experience. There is always a time in ones life where a person significantly influenced. I admire my mother because she is the person love and care the most of me. My mother has been the sole guardian of me as long as I can remember. What turns me into the person who I am is all her action. My mum has been never thrown a harsh word or unnecessary p unishment even though I have made decisions in the spite of those decisions. She has made me enjoy my life like no other person could. WHAT KIND OF IMPACT SHE MAKE TO MY LIFE She has taught me a lot. Due to my mother I learned that there are more important values than wealth and money that people should always remain truly human, regardless, of their environment and the hardships they face in their life. She has thought me how to be kind and loving but not to allow others to take my caring and kindness for weakness. She has also though me to dream big and do everything within my power to make those dreams a reality. First of all, I would like to say that my mother was a person who did not attempt to lecture me. Instead, he just talked to me as a person who had an extensive experience in his life and, frankly speaking I do not know why, I often agreed with her, even though, at first, I attempted to argue with her. Nevertheless, I believe that my mother did not just have a gift to persuade people but she rather made people respect him with his deeds more than with words. EXPERIENCE AND PERSONALITY SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCED On looking back into my past, I can hardly remember an episode where I would criticize actions of my mother. In this respect, I recall an episode from my childhood, when I was about to quarrel with my father and I felt really angry at that moment. In fact, I was about ten years old, when I wanted to take a recorder, but my mother totally rejected this idea. I remember that he did not forbid me to take a recorder, but rather persuade me that it would not be a good idea to bring a recorder to our house. At first, I could not agree with my fathers arguments, because I did not take them seriously. Now, I understand that my desire to take a recorder was stronger than my common sense. But my mother managed to persuade me that I was not to recorder at that time. When I first told my mother that I was going to take a recorder, she just asked me to talk like him about my decision. At first, he asked me why I was so eager to have a recorder. I did my best to explain that it would great to have a recorder, but in the course of conversation I understand with the help of my mother that if I took a recorder I would take a great responsibility, which I was not ready to take at the moment. My mother explained to me that I would responsible for the recorder I was going to take and it was the first time when I thought serious about effects of the decisions I was about to take. Eventually, I understand that I could not take care of the recorder. In such way, I learned from my mother that we should be responsible for our actions because often it is the life as well of others that depend on our decisions and actions. This experience was very important for me and influenced my personality significantly. WHAT KIND OF A PERSON IS MY MOTHER My mother is a kind of person that anyone can look up to and say I would like to be like that. She could be described as a short quite round young looking lady although she is 48years old now with always very pretty. She is thin with her curly hair. She usually wears modern and traditional clothes. For me she is so beautiful. Most people describe her as an attractive lady. She is the kindhearted, caring and loving person that she has thought me to become. She is strong willed, hardworking and very dedicated to god. I know that she inspires others as well. She is a great business woman and a speaker with a passion to teach others what she feels life is truly about and I know that her meaning of life is a successful and inspirational way of life. WHAT MAKES ME ADMIRE OF MY MOTHER My mother gave me the originality of her character to study the steadiness of her virtues the power of her passions to admire, the truth of her feelings to trust, however, I know that my mother will always be by my side. In spite of this, my mother has never failed to believe that my siblings will soon recover from these setbacks. All these things she had, and for these things I clung to her. I grew up not feeling neglected but admiring my mother more and more for what she has done for my siblings, which I believe no one could have achieved. I admire her for being able to look after the wellbeing of the whole family in spite of this and never failing to be there for me whenever I needed her. Growing up with such a strong role model, I developed many of my enthusiasms. Thus, it is clear that the individual who has had the highest degree of influence on me is my mother. She never once complained about the sacrifices, which she had to make in order to help my siblings. The strength of h er principles is evident in the way in which she raised my little siblings who needs the more attention because they are younger than me. I will always respect the influence that my mother has had on my life, and will endeavor to take all that she has taught me as the inspirational to be all that I can be in the pursuit of my dreams. Particularly my passion is to become successful business women. She dedicates me and my siblings most of her time educating us. REASON WHY MY MOTHER HAS SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON ME My mother is the most important person in my life. I really cannot express how I feel about her in just words. My mother is not my whole life, but she is really big part of it. My whole world does not only revolve around her, but she is the most influential person who inspires me. My mother is not just another woman. She is extraordinary. I have known her for twenty-two years. I know her very well, and had learned to love her since she gave birth to me. Relatives always tell me stories about my birth. They tell me how important I was to my mom. I was the foundation of her joy, strength, peace and love. She has thought me all I need to know to live. In my life as a twenty-two years old girl I have learned a lot from my mother. She thought me how to feel and recover it. Well, she did not only do that. She showed me how to handle these feelings of anger, fear and sadness. CONCLUSION When asked who has had the most extraordinary influence on my life, the most obvious answer would be my mother. It took me all twenty-two years to realize that it is her influence that has molded me to become what I am today. Being a business woman, she has never failed to look after us well. She I the kind of mother who always insists on spending quality family time together, the backbone of the family and the kind of person who helps other children in the neighborhood with their difficulties in their life. She has been my first teacher, my best friend and a role model for the past twenty-two years of my life. In considering my mothers position and influence as a role model. 3.0 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY SERVICE Community service is a performance volunteered by an individual or an organization. This action benefits a community or institution. Usually community services are done as part of an organized scheme. The true meaning of community service is when we do something without the intentions of getting money or a reward from someone else. The main aspect of community service is volunteering. Getting the satisfaction knowing that you are able to have some sorts of effect in someones life is some benefit of participating community service activity. 3.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY SERVICE Community service is important because it offers one the opportunity to give back to others and their community. It is important part of college experience and valuable. To view a local community, it is designed to expand while instilling the sense of purpose and pride regarding own interests and abilities. Community service has also become an important part of application in college. To select and separate their application and to determine which receives scholarships, admission officers use community service as a method in many colleges. 3.2 A VOLUNTEERING PROJECT THAT I WOULD DEVOTE It is not a matter for me if I could devote my time to help peoples in need. I would be more satisfied if I could help student in their education by giving knowledge in school site without any expectation of rewards and money. By this, community service represent a voluntary activity for which are not paid and it helps to match interests, talents and abilities. 3.3 DEVOTE ONE YEAR SERVICE TO SCHOOL-SITE. An excellent way of meeting the requirement for community service is volunteering and also it helps special needs of a school. I require choosing this kind of school site community service because it is committed to providing on-going support and assistance to the school. With the exception of elective courses in community service, in additionally service must not be completed as a part of regular school course in which a student receiving academic credit. 3.4 I WOULD HOPE TO ACCOMPLISH: School site community services are included by a lot of activities. I would be accomplishing some student plans, coordinated and monitors a school wide letter writing campaign in support of an issue of local importance. I will also give a help on tutoring other student in their reading skills or math for a semester. With the efforts to implement and monitor community service experiences, as a community service aide to an appropriate teacher or counselor and assistance I would be accomplishing. 3.5 VALUEABLE PART OF COLLEGE EXPERINCE With my experience I found it very meaningful to engage my spirit through serving other by giving a community service. Already many students have an experience with community service before coming to college. For my opinion, to spend time with friends while working for a valuable cause, it was required as a part of college curriculum, and others chose to do it to get more experience involving community service. With these I as a student arrive on campus seeking familiar opportunities. In this case, other students of in the college who never been done with any community service maybe interested in trying something new, or will be looking a different way to make friends. Most probably community service organization welcome new members year-round, weather a person have a prior experience or not. Some students only like to do community service individually, perhaps by tutoring children at local worship center or elementary school. Some activities like running clinics or organizing park cleanup programs often perform by athletes as a part of team membership. But community service is completed through established organizations by most of the college students. 3.5.1 INCLUDE OF ORGANIZATION IN COMMUNITY SERVICE Some community service organization includes Alpha Phi Omega, Circle K, and Habitat for Humanity, Best Buddies, Amnesty International, and Big Brothers, Big Sisters. Through local agencies student are interested in doing other types of service to do work. There is list of such agencies to get involve with community service and religious life offices which includes several opportunities. These opportunities are providing literacy programs, food banks, domestic violence shelters, public libraries, and homeless shelters. In terms of time and emotional energy, they are tremendously rewarding students for involve significant commitment rottenly. I would prefer volunteering opportunity not to represent on my campus, consider organizing a group of students and pursuing resources to help me engage in that service. I would accomplish to provide greatly enrich college experience by having a positive effect on community, and will leave with many fond memories. 3.6 BENEFITS OF STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN COMMUNITY SERVICE Public school youths had a positive effect on the personal development in community service. Mostly showing increases in measures of personal and social responsibility, communication and sense of educational competence are engaged in quality service learning programs. Ranking responsibilities are more important value and reports a higher sense of responsibility to college than comparison groups who engage in service-learning. Most probably, students perceive themselves to be more socially competent after engaging in service-learning. Highly ranking, student who involved in service learning were more likely to treat each other kindly, help each other and care about doing their best. Also these students will more likely increase their sense of self-esteem and self-efficacy. 3.7 BENEFITS OF VOLUNTARING IN COMMUNITY SERVICE Community service benefits others in some ways although it is apparent, before creating and maintaining widespread programs. Students exactly benefited by participating in these community service activities. Research has been done greatly on this subject, resulting in evidence for many kinds of benefits. The most significant gains reported are psychological, social, and cognitive benefits experienced by students. 3.7.1 PSYCOLOGICAL BENEFITS: Sources indicate that students have shown increases in positive feelings and mental health, and decreases in depression and stress. 3.7.2 SOSIAL BENEFITS I forge bonds with each other by participating in community service project as well as other members of the community. These bonds enhance increase my social network in my interpersonal skills. Socially volunteerism can lead to increase care for others and a desire to cooperate and get involved in positive ways, even among those who had previously exhibited antisocial tendencies. Another major benefit is the feeling of social connectedness that appears to be winning in increasingly in segmented society. 3.7.3 COGNITIVE BENEFIT We learn something new every day. Volunteering definitely holds true. Old skills are developed as new ones are learned with new experiences. With past experiences, new information I integrated and ones knowledge base improve. The lesson learned from volunteering frequently support and enriches understanding of how the community is set up to function additionally. A large part of the reason for incorporating volunteering and community service into various curricular and require cognitive gains. 3.8 CRITICAL THIKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS IN COMMUNITY SERVICE To determine what needs to be done while develop mentally appropriate level of responsibilities in situation which young people learn the most. A responsibility of decision making in a task that is interesting and important to students has given the opportunities. They tend to think more deeply about the issues at hand and use their most complexes thinking skills to solve problems arise in community service. The critical thinking seeks to help faculty move beyond teaching contents and into teaching students to apply complex cognitive skills across a range of topics problems. Faculty participating in this community service will learn strategies for teaching students how to think critically and creatively to solve a problem that arise in a part of discussion in community service. They will develop activities that can be used in the classroom to develop our critical thinking. 4.0 CONCLUSION OF COMMUNITY SERVICE The major goal of community service in school site explores the comparative effects of service learning and the cognitive and affective development of college undergraduates. It is to enhance our understanding of how community service is enhanced at school site learning service. As what I know thirty percent of students participated in community service during college, and an additional forty-six percent participated in some other form of community service. The remaining 24 percent did not participate in any community service during college. The impact of community service was assessed on several dependent. These are academic outcomes, values, self-efficiency, leadership, career plans to participate in further community service in college. Freshmen are the most outcomes which were presented when a student entered the membership of community service. Subsample of student for who standardized test scores is additional outcome. For both freshmen characteristics and institutional I Multivariate control were used. In-depth case studies of community service on campus are qualitative portion of community service. To pursue a career in a service field, service participation appears to have its effects on the students decisions. The positive effect of community service can be explained. The fact that participation in community service increase the likelihood that student will discuss their experiences with each other and that students will receive emotional support from faculty.

osmosis :: essays research papers

The following is a short sample from this piece of coursework: ... els of sucrose solution to distilled water (see molarity table above) and I placed each of the mixtures into the correct beakers. 5. Then I weighed all the potato chips on an electronic balance (see results) and recorded the results. 6. I placed 5 pieces of potato into each beaker and left them for approx 36 hrs. 7. After this time I drained out the solutions from the beakers and I carefully placed them in order of molarity on a paper towel. 8. I dried the potato chips gently and then weighed each potato piece and recorded the results. 9. As I had extra time I made a second experiment and also recorded those Results: Molarity (M) Starting Weight (g) (Results 1) Final Weight (g) (Results 1) Percentage Change (%) (Results 1) Start Weight (g) (Results 2) Final Weight (g) (Results 2) Percentage Change (%) (Results 2) These values clearly support my prediction, and even though there are some anomalous results, there is an overall negative trend across the whole set of results, proving them accurate. Analysis of Results: The sucrose concentration of the solution into which the potato tissue is placed affects to what degree it grows or shrinks. As you can see from the graph the results show a clear negative correlation, a very obvious inversely proportional trend. From this a conclusion can be drawn. When the water concentration is high, the potato gains water, as seen by the 0.0 molarity solution. When the water concentration is low, the potato loses weight and therefore decreases in mass, as seen in the 1.0 concentration solution. This proves my hypothesis correct. The results were quite widely ranged, as seen on the graph, wit ...... Aim: To see how concentration affects osmosis on a potato. Plan: I will first make a prediction using the knowledge I have on osmosis and I will then carry out the investigation to prove whether concentration affects osmosis in a potato. Using my results I will then try to find a pattern and prove my prediction to be correct or incorrect. After I have done that I will try and find ways in which I could improve the experiment and extend the investigation. Method: First we will cut out 18 pieces of potato ¡Ã‚ ¦s from the same potato using a borer so that we have all the potato strips at the same length and same mass. osmosis :: essays research papers The following is a short sample from this piece of coursework: ... els of sucrose solution to distilled water (see molarity table above) and I placed each of the mixtures into the correct beakers. 5. Then I weighed all the potato chips on an electronic balance (see results) and recorded the results. 6. I placed 5 pieces of potato into each beaker and left them for approx 36 hrs. 7. After this time I drained out the solutions from the beakers and I carefully placed them in order of molarity on a paper towel. 8. I dried the potato chips gently and then weighed each potato piece and recorded the results. 9. As I had extra time I made a second experiment and also recorded those Results: Molarity (M) Starting Weight (g) (Results 1) Final Weight (g) (Results 1) Percentage Change (%) (Results 1) Start Weight (g) (Results 2) Final Weight (g) (Results 2) Percentage Change (%) (Results 2) These values clearly support my prediction, and even though there are some anomalous results, there is an overall negative trend across the whole set of results, proving them accurate. Analysis of Results: The sucrose concentration of the solution into which the potato tissue is placed affects to what degree it grows or shrinks. As you can see from the graph the results show a clear negative correlation, a very obvious inversely proportional trend. From this a conclusion can be drawn. When the water concentration is high, the potato gains water, as seen by the 0.0 molarity solution. When the water concentration is low, the potato loses weight and therefore decreases in mass, as seen in the 1.0 concentration solution. This proves my hypothesis correct. The results were quite widely ranged, as seen on the graph, wit ...... Aim: To see how concentration affects osmosis on a potato. Plan: I will first make a prediction using the knowledge I have on osmosis and I will then carry out the investigation to prove whether concentration affects osmosis in a potato. Using my results I will then try to find a pattern and prove my prediction to be correct or incorrect. After I have done that I will try and find ways in which I could improve the experiment and extend the investigation. Method: First we will cut out 18 pieces of potato ¡Ã‚ ¦s from the same potato using a borer so that we have all the potato strips at the same length and same mass.

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening :: literary Analysis, Frost

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening: Simple Poem or Complex Themes Frost uses symbolism, including characters and objects, in an effort to create the various themes for the reader. The adjective â€Å"little† describes the horse as something that isn’t dangerous; however, the little horse’s character has a significant purpose (C5 1). The harness bells, worn by the horse, are a reminder to the speaker of his duties (G 1). The mention of the unnamed owner of the woods by the speaker causes difficulties that cannot be easily detected. The speaker focuses less on the woods than on the thought that they didn’t belong to him. The unnamed owner of the woods is thought to be a society person that lives in the nearby village (C2, 1). The speaker provides the reader a picture of what occurs in the poem (B4,2). Because he mentions the owner of the woods, the reader can contemplate that he respects the property of others. It seems that it would be more upsetting to him to be observed by the owner of the woods than by the horse . Although it is obvious the speaker wants a private moment in the woods, the reader is left wondering what the speaker is really thinking (C3, 1-2). Resistant objects are another form of symbolism used in â€Å"Stopping by Woods.† The woods represent life in an uncivilized world (B5 3). The speaker feels an attraction to the woods; for that reason, he immediately allows the setting to provide him a brief time away from his daily responsibilities (E2, np). Right away the speaker acknowledges that he does not own woods. The last stanza includes a few more descriptive words about the woods; although, the woods do not appear to be the whole purpose of the poem (F1 354). Frost uses both visual and audio imagery to reveal various facts to the reader. â€Å"He will not see me stopping here† reveals to the reader that the speaker believes no one will see him and so he feels all right about the things he is thinking. â€Å"To watch his woods fill up with snow† implies that the speaker has been watching for a while. The way that Frost writes the poem, it is as if the reader can hear the speaker’s thoughts (D1 16). The harness bells of the little horse provides another audio imagery.

East vs West :: Comparative, Rukmani and Kenny

In Nectar in a Sieve, Rukmani and Kenny highlight the differences in the two cultures, showing how the two cultures have different standards for relationships and how Westerners try to change suffering and poverty while Easterners accept it. As Rukmani points out to Kenny, â€Å"Have I not so much sense to see that you are not one of us? You live and work here†¦ but this is not your country† (Markandaya 106). Kenny and Rukmani are friends, but their different values on subservience in relationships and suffering cause them to butt heads during most of their conversations. Rukmani and Kenny’s conversations show how Easterners value respect and reverence, while Westerners put and emphasis on equality. After Kenny helps her conceive, Rukmani bends down to kiss Kenny’s feet, thinking she is showing respect. Kenny doesn’t like it: â€Å"He withdrew [his feet] quickly and told me to get up. ‘I am not your benefactor’† (Markandaya 32). Similarly, Rukmani is hesitant to ask about Kenny’s family because it is personal: â€Å"Of himself he did not speak†¦ I held my tongue, for I felt to ask would be to offend him† (Markandaya 33). Both of these events show how the two cultures misunderstand each other. Kenny doesn’t like when Rukmani kisses his shoes because he doesn’t feel above her, but she is just trying to be nice. And Rukmani doesn’t understand what will and won’t offend Kenny because her culture doesn’t encourage asking personal questions. Their conversations show more deeply how each culture views marital relationships. Rukmani only sees Kenny for her fertility problems when her husband won’t find out; she believes he will be angry (Markandaya 21). She also only takes Ira to Kenny when her husband leaves town: â€Å"I (Rukmani) waited all day [to see you]. My husband will be back soon and the I cannot come† (Markandaya 59). Though she subverts it, Rukmani is limited by her belief she cannot disobey her husband. Instead, since she doesn’t ask his permission, she can’t break his rules. Kenny scorns this, saying, â€Å"You people will never learn. It is pitiful to see your foolishness† (Markandaya 59). In Kenny’s country, women have rights. They can even divorce their husbands, as Kenny’s wife does. Rukmani fails to understand how this woman can leave her husband and wonders if it’s Kenny’s long absences. They discuss women’s role, Rukmani says, â₠¬Å"A woman’s place is with her husband† Kenny replies, â€Å"You simplify everything†¦ Your views are so limited it is impossible to explain to you† (Markandaya 106).

Opportunities and Challenges of Having Access to a Broader Workforce Essay

Question: a) Discuss the opportunities and challenges of having access to a broader workforce. Answer: The Workforce is the total number of a country’s population employed in the armed forces and civilian jobs, plus those unemployed people who are actually seeking paying work. In other words, workforce also refers to Total number of employee (usually excluding the management) on an employer’s payroll. It may also mean all those that are available for work. Workers may be unionized, whereby the union conducts negotiations regarding pay and conditions of employment. In the event of industrial unrest, unions provide a coordinating role in organizing ballots of the workforce, and strike action. As the world becomes globalize, the workforce in industries/companies become diversifies. The broader workforce make up from employees that come from different age groups, race, beliefs, gender etc. Opportunities Provide training on core competencies Devise training is needed to address the needs of different levels of workers, including training directed at entry-level and less skilled staff, workers with degrees not directly relevant to afterschool, and workers pursuing credentials. We cannot afford to ignore the workers who stay only a short time or work part-time, because they make up too large a portion of our workforce. They need some minimum level of knowledge in the core competencies required to work in afterschool programs. Moreover, providing training and supporting pursuit of a credential is an excellent way to foster an attachment to the field. Expand Quality training and professional development opportunities Quality training and professional development opportunities are needed to be expanded for all workers, including encouraging programs to give workers paid time off to attend training. Another need is for approaches such as distance learning to increase access to training in rural areas. We also should establish a core group of high quality, recognized, and approved trainers and promote ways to share the knowledge of experienced afterschool staff, for example, through mentoring younger staff. Provide afterschool/youth work content in higher education curricula We need to work with institutions of higher education to provide more course work relevant to youth work and afterschool that could be accessed by workers and students pursuing credentials or a degree. We also need to work with these institutions to address the needs of the adult learners in our workforce who would be candidates for these courses. Advocate for funding for training and professional development Policymakers at all levels need to provide more funding specifically for training and professional development for afterschool staff through supports such as scholarships and loan forgiveness. In advocating for such funding, the afterschool field needs to highlight the connection between positive outcomes for children and youth in afterschool—a goal endorsed by policymakers—and the qualifications of the staff that provide afterschool services. Provide human resources staff with the training and resources they need to recruit and hire Although the focus of this project and resulting report is on the current afterschool workforce, it’s difficult not to consider the need for effective recruiting and hiring techniques in afterschool programs. A program’s workforce begins with, and its success reflects, the recruiting and hiring of employees who are adequately matched to a program’s core competencies and needs. Challenges Developing specific strategies for reaching the target populations There are people 18- 59 years old in the population who are all needed in the workplace and who need the education/training to take advantage of the opportunity it provides. The challenge is to develop marketing campaigns and services that focus on each of these groups, their specific education/training needs, and their need for user friendly access, delivery, and support systems. Further, there are significant shifts in the gender, ethnicity, and work experience within these populations. Studying these shifts identifies targeted opportunities for increased participation and support. The lack of clear, systemic, and complete information continues to be one of the major barriers to these populations. Several recent studies suggest the lack of useful labor market information contribute to the lack of participation. Developing a series of strategic alliances with business/industrial associations, professional associations, and assessment organizations Education curriculum and competency standards are no longer within the sole domain of the academy. Such areas as education content, achievement, and application are all reflections of constant evolutions in the world external to higher education. It is no longer possible for free standing independent education and training organizations to unilaterally maintain currency with the rapidly changing demands of the new economy. Curriculum is no longer fixed, singular, or limited in scope. Competency standards are evolving at increasing rates as are the related assessments. Further, the expansion of multiple employer related delivery options as well as the growth in industry recognized credentials suggest the need for formal alliances with external partners. Employer Associations Three fundamental shifts have shaken the employer world: 1) the rapid changes in technology and productivity and the resulting impact on workforce skills, 2)the dramatic shift in demographics with the loss of skilled workers and the lack of skilled entrants, and 3) the difficulty identifying effective educational ‘pipelines’ for skilled applicants. Both employers and educators are looking to industrial associations as partners in developing the definition of new skills and competencies, the related curriculum, the required assessments and, the resulting credentials. The move towards alignment (tuning) is increasingly dependent on association partnerships. Effective associations will have systems of continuous improvement that will ensure alignment between their education and training partners as well as their employer membership. This communication system opens up the pipeline for skilled workers and provides a communication system for internships, work based learning, and ultimate support for placement of graduates within the industry. The primary purpose of these alliances is to ensure both the continuous alignment and portability of academic content and outcomes with the constantly changing expectations of both the employer and academic world. Industry Recognized Certifications (IRC) Opportunities for more formal alliances occur with associations that sponsor formal industry certifications. These offer industry recognition of credentials and their accompanying competencies. They offer the individual portability of their recognized credentials and the institution a means of aligning curriculum, competencies, and assessments. An exceptional opportunity exists in providing academic credit to students enrolled in programs resulting in industry recognized certifications. Students engaged in technical training would be more inclined to stay in a program if they receive industry recognized credentials as well as specific credits toward academic or technical Associate degrees. This creates a unique prospect to engage students in seamless system of lifelong continuous learning. The prospects for long term strategic alliances with industry associations are enormous and offer great marketing benefits. Alliances with Professional and International Organizations Forming strategic alliances with professional organizations and accreditors ensures both alignment of curricula and outcome standards as well as ensuring the portability of the credits and credentials. These alliances are becoming increasingly recognized as significant pipelines for qualified professional applicants and they offer exceptional marketing opportunities to both student applicants and industry. Development of a ‘One Stop’ access to the new economy A ‘one stop centers’ is needed for individuals to: 1) get labor market information about high wage/high growth industries, 2) obtain available skill standards and/or IRC’s, 3) accredit their past training, education, and experience, 4) gain advice and counseling on entering post secondary education, 5) receive assistance with entrance to recognized academic and training programs, and, 6) get assistance with placement within the industry. The major problem with the labor market adjustment system in the United States is a completely bifurcated and user unfriendly information, counseling, advising, crediting, accessing, financing, and education/training system. Both the unemployed, re-entering adults and first time students are highly mobile learners who are looking for the access portal to the new economy. Stagnate outdated agencies, policies and systems are simply incapable of delivering such services. It is time to develop a new on-line system that would ensure all citizens ongoing and easy access to understandable and timely job matches, labor market information, and credentials needed for the new economy. All post secondary institutions have a unique opportunity to participate in the building of this broader set of services into a publically transparent system. Ability to offer, give a perception of and have the reputation of providing a ‘Guarantee’ This is the outgrowth of the need to close the loop between employers, students, and educators. The primary question is: does the institutions system of identified learning outcomes meet the academic and technical standards of the new economy and, then, does it ‘ensure’ that every graduate meets those standards? This means establishing standards, curriculum, and assessments that achieve these levels and ensuring that every graduate meets them. When substandard performance is recognized there is a system of remediation and ultimately the failure to graduate if the student simply cannot meet the institutional standards. Some would add that for any student hired which the employer believes does not meet the standard, the school would take them back and remediate them at no cost. While this would come with a cost, it is far more important to develop a reputation with employers for producing graduates that meet the industry standards for tomorrow’s economy. While this important for employers, it is imperative for students who want to be certain that the education/training they are engaged in will in fact prepare them for the new economy. Action on this challenge represents a fundamental shift away from the old system of ‘education opportunity’. For the future, it is about highly mobile students accessing a system that ‘ensures’ their achievement of the competencies required for the new economy. America’s exceptionally diverse post secondary education system has the capacity and commitment to implement this new relationship. (b) What extend Malaysia has benefited and also able to develop own Knowledge worker. The Malaysian labor force is generally educated. This is because youths who enter the labor market would have undergone at least 11 years of schooling. Furthermore, the proportion of labor force with secondary and tertiary education has risen over the years, making them easier to be trained and to learn new skills. Nonetheless, it has been argued that there is a shortage of skilled labor in Malaysia. This shortfall in skilled labor was believed to be one of the causes for the tightness in the Malaysian labor market during the 1980s and 1990s, alongside a mismatch between demand for and supply of labor. Malaysia’s response to this matter is one of the reasons for the nation’s focus on human capital development in recent years. Since the mid-1990s, Malaysia has entered into a phase where new emphasis and demand for high technology and knowledge-based industries were in place. A change in the Malaysian economic policies was, therefore, needed in order to maintain the nation’s competitiveness. Knowledge-based economy is defined as one that is â€Å"directly based on the production, distribution and use of knowledge and information†¦ towards growth in high technology investments, high-technology industries, more highly skilled labor and associated productivity gains†. Malaysia adopted this definition into its Knowledge-based Economy Master Plan, which defines a knowledge-based economy as â€Å"an economy where knowledge, creativity and innovation play an ever-increasing and important role in generating and sustaining growth†. The Master Plan was developed to provide a strategic framework outlining the required changes to the fundamentals of the Malaysian economy. Since the concept of a knowledge-based economy revolves around knowledge and information as the key contributors to economic growth and development, the move towards a knowledge-based economy is expected to provide Malaysia with the necessary competitiveness in order to achieve a developed nation status and meet the objectives of Vision 2020. Several reasons were given as to why Malaysia should move into the knowledge-based economy. First, the nation has lost its global competitiveness in attracting FDI when it fell from the 18th place in 1994 to the 29th spot in 2001, as reported the World Competitiveness Yearbook (IMD, various years). Related to this is the increasing competition for the country’s products from other developing countries, such as China, India, Vietnam and Indonesia that enjoy cheaper labor and more abundant resources. This is especially true in the case of China, where it has been reported that cheaper and equal quality goods from this new economic power, mainly in labor intensive textiles, would bring about stiff competition to Malaysia’s export goods in its domestic and international markets. Third, Malaysia’s economic policies have been affected by globalization and liberalization as barriers and protective walls that help sustain local industries are slowly removed and brought down. As a result, Malaysia, like all other developing economies will have to search for new products and services that are feasible in the emerging global market where the distinction between local and world markets is gradually disappearing. Such goods and services like aircraft, pharmaceuticals, ecommerce, tourism and educational services and ICT industries are common in the knowledge-based industries. Fourth, as Malaysia strives to become a developed nation by the year 2020, this would result in its current edge in producing goods and services for the global market, which hinges on low wages, to be eroded. This is because its cost levels would approach those of developed countries. To face this anticipated escalating labor cost, Malaysia needs to ensure higher value is added to its products in order for its industries to remain viable. Thus, for Malaysia to be competitive, it must produce goods and services to compete at comparable levels as those in developed countries. Again, such high value-added is generally provided by knowledge-based industries. Fifth, Malaysia needs to move into more profitable and wealth-generating stages of production. In other words, it has to make its manufacturing sector more profitable. To do so, Malaysian firms have little choice but to move into the pre- production stage (which includes product conceptualization, research and design, prototyping etc) and/or post-production stage (packaging, branding, marketing, retailing etc) of manufacturing, because there is less profit to be made from the core production process. These pre- and post-production stages also happen to be more knowledge-intensive compared to the existing core production process stage. Sixth, Malaysia needs to find new sources of growth in its economy as the old sources of growth have become less productive. A knowledge-based economy will provide some of these new sources of growth to enable Malaysia to sustain growth and dynamism. Finally, Malaysia needs to improve the contribution of the â€Å"total factor productivity† (TFP) in terms of improving the quality of workers, methods of doing things and other delivery activities (EPU, 2002: 5). To what extend do Malaysia able to develop own knowledge worker? Education: At the primary and secondary levels, some of the indicators for quality that tend to raise concerns have to do with the teaching profession, the curriculum, and the grading of schools. The most serious concern is that of teacher recruitment, salary, career path, work load and training. These concerns have discouraged many potentially good teachers from joining the profession. As regards the school curriculum, there are two sets of issues. The first has to do with content. The second set of issues deals with implementation of the curriculum, classroom size, expertise of teachers and courseware development. Overcrowding in urban schools can impede teaching and learning, including the effective delivery of the curriculum. At the tertiary level, concerns centre mainly on the issues of research, resources, faculty qualifications, and the quality of output. Some public institutions are not keen on being assessed and ranked by an external body. Consequently these institutions become less aw are of their weaknesses. This lack of awareness about their performance does not contribute to accountability. The public requires detailed information on the performance of various institutions in order to have confidence in them. In terms of the use of ICT, the largest provider for programmes in schools is the government, mainly the Ministry of Education (MOE). MIMOS, MDC and the private sector, including parent-teacher associations, are also involved. Some observations are made on the current trends and development of the ICT programmes in schools: ââ€" ª At this stage, ICT programmes at the school level are still heavily centered on infrastructure or procurement of hardware. Software (content development for courseware) and people ware (training) in the ICT programmes are more urgent. The hardware focus alone is inadequate to create the environment for e-education which can enhance teaching and learning and accommodate life-long learning. The software and people ware aspects that are necessary for e-education have to be considered and expanded. ââ€" ª There is a lack of co-ordination among the various agencies, namely MOE, MIMOS and MDC, in their supporting activities for the ICT programmes. Redundancy and wastage of resources can be avoided if there is better co-ordination. ââ€" ª In many schools, computers are often locked up in a special room or a lab, impeding their use for teaching and learning. The class time-table often does not include time for working or playing with computers. The costly equipment forces teachers in charge of the room to be cautious in allowing access, and this adds to the difficulty in utilizing the computers. ââ€" ª Most teachers have not had sufficient training to maximize the use of computers to enhance teaching and learning, and often merely impose traditional methods of drilling and rote learning using computers. This is mainly due to the emphasis on ICT literacy in teacher training programmes. ââ€" ª Due to the lack of a standard approach in the utilization of computers, student contact hours with computers cannot be established. ââ€" ª Teachers take charge of ICT centers in schools on a voluntary basis. Most of them do not have any formal training in ICT. There is often no technician who can assist the teachers with maintenance. Public higher education institutions, especially the universities, have been expanding their ICT programmes, especially over the past five years. Computer labs at the faculty level and computer centers for the university have been initiated and are in progress. ICT’s capacity to contribute to greater efficiency of work and resource management has not been fully exploited. E-mail facilities are not being maximized, and downloading lecture notes from the web or interacting with lecturers via e-mail or the web is still uncommon. The Internet is not being adequately accessed for lecture content. Another issue requiring attention is the need to develop quality private education. Private education in Malaysia is a relatively developed sector, particularly at the higher education level. As regards technical education, the system at the upper secondary level needs to address a number of issues: ââ€" ª Greater efforts should be made to improve hands-on skills among technical school students. The Technical Education Department has already introduced the contextual learning delivery system, which essentially recognizes that learning is a complex and multi-faceted process. Such learning goes far beyond theory, drill-oriented, stimulus and response teaching methodologies. It was introduced in Secondary Technical Schools in 1998 to help all students master higher-level academic and work skills. Instruction based on this strategy is being structured to help students apply their knowledge more effectively. ââ€" ª Greater efforts are required to improve the links between schools and industry. Currently the School Advisory Committees, established in all schools, comprise representatives from industries, higher education, Parent-Teacher Associations and Head Teachers who advise schools on curriculum and equipment. The Career Guidance, Industrial Liaison and Placement Unit in every school also provide career guidance and placement of students in industries. These should be further improved. B. Skills Training and Retraining Malaysia currently has several drawbacks with regards to the education and skills profile required for a K-based economy. It lacks an adequate pool of knowledge workers, sufficiently high enrolment in the sciences at tertiary levels, and a broad base of workers with minimum literacy, learning ability and skills. Educational reform takes time while the recruitment of foreign talent is merely a temporary measure. An effective response would be to train managers and workers to cope with the new demands of the K-based economy. Private and public sector managers need to be trained to reengineer their organizations into ‘learning organizations’ which can attract, retain and develop K-workers to make their organizations more competitive, service-oriented and efficient. To increase the quality and relevance of skills, greater autonomy and flexibility should be given to public sector training institutions to make them more responsive to the rapidly changing labor market requirements of a K-based economy. To minimize job dislocation resulting from the transition to the K-based economy, ‘bridging’ courses need to be organized for displaced workers, especially those who are old, uneducated, and un-trainable. The power of the Internet should also be harnessed to establish ‘net communities’ for citizens with special needs and interests to interact among them and with the government. For the economy as a whole, there is also a need for an efficient and speedy labor market information system to help ensure effective planning to meet the manpower demands of the K-based economy. This may require the establishment of a specialist study group, improved career counseling, and a directory of training institutions. In addition to providing basic education for all, in a K-based economy it is essential to stress Lifelong Learning and Education to help citizens cope with expanding knowledge and rapid change. The challenges of Lifelong Learning and Education in the context of the K-based economy include the following: 1. Producing a highly skilled, knowledge-rich workforce. 2. Reducing unemployment and re-skilling the workforce. 3. Addressing and adjusting to the needs of an aging society. C. Global Talent A world shortage of high level manpower is likely to increase the brain drain from Malaysia. While the high growth East Asian economies compete for Malaysian talent, particularly in ICT the more serious long-term competitors are the advanced K-based economies of the US and Europe which suffer serious shortages of ICT personnel. It is estimated that Europe and the US alone need two million more ICT workers by 2002. Recent changes to immigration laws enacted to attract foreign talent to the US have serious implications for Asia and for Malaysia’s efforts to retain domestic talent and attract foreign, particularly ICT talent. A Bill passed by US Congress in late 2000 allows US firms to recruit 600,000 foreigners, a third of them from India. The three-year programme takes effect from 2001. The US recruitment drive occurs in the context of a world-wide shortage of ICT talent, with Asian countries too unable to meet their domestic demand. Despite this the best and brightest Asians ( including Malaysians), are likely to be lured by better wages, work conditions, occupational mobility and the quality of life in the US and Europe. This ‘brain drain’ has already begun, with European and US recruiters scouring Asian universities for talent. This situation signals several dangers for Malaysia. Firstly, like the Asian countries, Malaysia too is likely to lose young graduates from local and foreign universities to firms in the US and Europe. Secondly, experienced Malaysians may also be recruited, with the Malaysian labor market serving as a ‘training ground’ for developed K-based economies. Thirdly, since the Asian shortage and US demand will deplete the international talent pool, Malaysia’s option of utilizing foreign talent will be limited. Foreigners who are recruited to work in Malaysia are also likely to treat Malaysia as a ‘training ground’ for eventual entry and settlement in the US and Europe. There are several ways Malaysia can cope with this situation: ââ€" ª One current advantage Malaysia has is that except for Singapore, other countries in the region including Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand, and China, all of which also have ambitious ICT plans, have not moved fast enough to recruit foreign talent. Moving quickly to simplify immigration rules and ease recruitment of foreign talent will give Malaysia a competitive edge in recruitment. ââ€" ª Secondly, of all countries in the region, Malaysia probably has the most balanced set of attractions in terms of wages, low costs, quality of life, stability and safety. This advantage should be exploited to the fullest. ââ€" ª Thirdly, Malaysia’s rich and tolerant multi-ethnic heritage makes it attractive to a wide spectrum of expatriates, whether Caucasians, Middle-Easterners, East Asians or South Asians. Unlike its competitors in the region, Malaysia can therefore alleviate the problem of the world-wide shortage by recr uiting from a wide variety of countries and labor markets. The government itself has made several clear efforts to recruit foreign talent. In 1995-98 the Returning Scientists Programme managed by the Ministry of Science attracted 93 overseas-based foreign and Malaysian scientists on short-term contracts to local institutions. But their high wages posed a financial strain and contributed to wage inequities vis-a-vis local scientists. Recognizing the need for talent, the Returning Scientists Programme was revived in early 2001, and the recent national Budget provided incentives to encourage Malaysian experts abroad ‘who have the required expertise’ to return and serve the nation. Income remitted within two years from the date of arrival will be exempted from income tax. Two cars registered in the country of origin for at least six months will also be exempted from import duty and sales tax, while the husbands/wives and children of Malaysian citizens will now be given PR status within six months of the date of arrival. Previously, husbands who were non-citizens were not entitled to PR status, while non-citizen wives could only apply for PR after five years residence in Malaysia. The programme took effect from 1 January 2001. Under this programme, six fields of expertise and skills have been identified, i.e. IT, Science and Technology, Industry, Finance and Accounting, Arts, and Medicine and Health.